FROM GENERAL MEDICINE TO ORAL HEALTH: EVALUATING EXOSOMAL THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTITIS AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY ORAL DISEASES

Marwa Mashni

Date of Award

2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelors

Department

Natural Sciences

First Advisor

Ryba, Tyrone

Area of Concentration

Biology

Abstract

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most cells. Their roles in cell communication, immune signaling, inflammation control, and tissue repair have attracted increasing attention for use in oncology, regenerative medicine, and immunotherapy. In recent years, interest has emerged in their therapeutic application within dentistry for chronic inflammatory oral diseases. Periodontitis is a chronic condition affecting more than one-third of the U.S. population. This disease is characterized by immune dysregulation and progressive destruction of gum and bone tissue. Traditional treatments for this disease offer short-term benefits, warranting a more thorough evaluation of alternatives. This literature review explores the potential of exosomal therapy in treating periodontitis, along with the biogenesis, biological properties, and functional roles of exosomes in modulating immune responses. Broader applications of exosomal therapy in general medicine and findings relevant to oral health are also considered. A range of peer-reviewed studies is used to evaluate exosomal mechanisms in inflammatory conditions, regenerative capabilities, and current barriers to clinical translation. Together, exosome capabilities make them a viable delivery vehicle for periodontitis treatment, but production issues, isolation methods, and regulatory gaps challenge clinical translation. With ongoing research continuing to pursue strategies to mitigate these limitations, exosomal therapy offers strong potential as a future treatment option for periodontitis and related oral diseases.

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