Author

Andre Ayers

Date of Award

2020

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelors

Department

Humanities

First Advisor

Zabriskie, Queen

Area of Concentration

Humanities

Abstract

This paper examines the early career of sing and songwriter Frank Ocean as it relates to the corporate music industry and its history of Black cultural exploitation. Using the story surrounding the release of Ocean’s 2016 album Blonde, this paper explores how he successfully subverts conventional music industry practices regarding artistic direction, marketing and business practices. The framework of this paper emphasizes the importance of how artists form relationships with three key entities that ultimately enable them to build successful careers: artist and art, artist and audience, and artist and industry. Using this framework allows a thorough exploration of artistry as it intersects with sociology, ritual theory, and business marketing. This paper argues that Frank Ocean reimagines ways of forming these relationships. This allows him to successfully liberate himself from an exploitative position as a musician signed to a record label deal.

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