Author

Paul Marick

Date of Award

2018

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelors

Department

Natural Sciences

First Advisor

Gilchrist, Sandra

Area of Concentration

Marine Biology

Abstract

Sunscreen and other skin care products are pollutants that enter the water via the skin of swimmers. “Reef safe” sunscreen is claimed by manufacturers to be safer for marine organisms. Reef safe sunscreens often lack known dangerous ingredients such as oxybenzone and nano-scale metal oxides. The purpose of this research is to establish if reef safe sunscreen is better for marine life by raising Lytechinus variegatus from gamete to embryo in three concentrations (0.0001%, 0.001%, and 0.01% by weight value) of both reef safe and standard sunscreens. There was no difference in the LC50 numbers of the reef safe and standard sunscreens. There was no significant difference in fertilization rate of eggs in reef safe and standard sunscreen solutions at the levels tested. Realistic levels are difficult to determine in an open reef system. Based on this research it cannot be said that reef safe sunscreens are safer for marine organisms than standard sunscreens. Further research in this area may lead to regulations concerning the pollutants in skin care products.

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