What is meditation in terms of the psycho-neurophysiological effects? And is there sufficient evidence to support implementation of meditation programs in grade schools and higher education?

Date of Award

2016

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelors

Department

Natural Sciences

First Advisor

Henckell, Karsten

Area of Concentration

Natural Sciences

Abstract

This thesis offers support for the implementation of meditation programs in elementary, secondary and higher education. Hundreds of peer-reviewed, randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the beneficial results of meditation practice. This thesis combines results of over 300 studies, some of which are lacking in methodological fidelity; however, that the effects of meditation are beneficial is clear. This thesis first defines what meditation is, identifying the psychological mechanisms that produce the results measured. Chapter 1 discusses these mechanisms and reviews some established clinical and traditional forms. In Chapter 2 neuroimaging data and physiological effects of practicing different forms of meditation is reviewed. Meditation practitioners consistently show similar morphological changes in the brain correlated with improved cognitive and emotional functioning and beneficial physiological effects that are in line with improved psychological well-being. Chapter 3 reviews studies on schools that have implemented meditation programs. The content of those programs is reviewed, the results measured by researchers are discussed and reasons these programs compare favorably to other Social-Emotional Learning programs are considered. These programs consistently result in improvements such as improved GPA, higher test scores, reduced suspension rates and improved self-reported, emotional well-being. Research demonstrates the importance of emotional health for academic and cognitive performance. In considering the inherent stress of academics and the detrimental effects of stress, meditation is a simple stress-reduction strategy. Attention disorders are at an historical high; violence, drugs and poor academic performance are commonplace, especially at underprivileged schools; and teachers are often over-stressed as well. Meditation programs are inexpensive and effective education reform programs that address several of these pervasive problems.

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