The Current State of Hormonal and Nonhormonal Male Contraception

Date of Award

2010

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelors

Department

Natural Sciences

First Advisor

McCord, Jr., Elzie

Keywords

Male Contraception, Hormonal Contraception, Condoms, Vasectomy, Withdrawal, Immunocontraception, Contraceptive vaccines

Area of Concentration

Biology

Abstract

The unintended pregnancy (UIP) rate in the United States is nearly 50%. To reduce UIP, a diverse range of contraceptive options should be available to men and women. Studies have shown that the availability of a diverse range of contraceptive options for both men and women increases the rate of correct and consistent usage, and may contribute to a decrease in the unintended UIP rate. The female contraceptive market is vast and includes the female condom, hysterectomy, and steroids delivered via pills, patches, vaginal rings, implants, injections, and Intra-Uterine Devices. Male-directed methods are comparatively less diverse and are limited to two forms: the male condom and vasectomy. Although several traditional methods exist where male participation is necessary (e.g. withdrawal, fertility awareness-based methods), the male contraceptive market suffers from a lack of reversible non-coitaldependent options. The addition of hormonal (i.e. Androgen-only, Androgen-Progestin, and GNRH regimens) and non-hormonal methods (i.e. immunocontraception, plant-derived compounds, and indazole carboxylic acids) should significantly address the unmet need for men seeking alternative contraceptive methods. This review investigates and presents the current contraceptive options available to men and outlines those under development.

Rights

This bibliographic record is available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. The New College of Florida, as creator of this bibliographic record, has waived all rights to it worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law.

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