Form and Function: The Development of Parks and Monuments in 20th Century United States

Author

Dana Bassett

Date of Award

2009

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelors

Department

Social Sciences

First Advisor

Mink, Joseph

Keywords

Public Art, Public Space, City Planning

Area of Concentration

Environmental Studies

Abstract

The difficulties faced by rapidly industrializing cities in the early twentieth-century warranted urban planning that was in a large part inspired by the rural cemetery movement in mid-nineteenth century United States. These scenic cemeteries combined pastoral scenery and commemorative art within the burial grounds to unexpected ends. Urban reformers looked to nature to ease the moral and physical depravity of the urban environment. Public parks allowed people unwelcome in the cemetery to temporarily escape the struggles of city life. Reformers also promoted the neo-classical art and architecture within the cemetery in an attempt to cultivate upright citizens. The proliferation of spaces of natural respite and national memory has produced some of the most fertile and evocative expressions of the American legacy. This thesis takes two such spaces into account: Grant Park and the development of Millennium Park in Chicago, and The National Mall and its monuments in Washington, DC. It will explore how the lived experience of these spaces creates a unique interchange between the public and the meaning of these spaces. Increasingly the spaces have evolved to offer a sense of place to the individual within the built environment. The relationship of the viewer and the structure are researched to understand how this public process has grown to reflect the intricacies of American society at large.

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